The Council will review the last six months of the ICC investigation that began in 2005, and which in 2023 confirmed the guilt of Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman, alias Ali Kushayb, a former leader of the Janjaweed militia, indicted on 31 counts.

However, the Court still maintains pending four arrest warrants against Omar Al-Bashir, former president of Sudan, Ahmad Muhammad Harun, former Minister of State for the Interior, Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein, former head of National Defense, and Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain, commander in chief of the Justice and Equality Movement.

According to the request approved 19 years ago by the Security Council, Sudan is forced to hand over the four remaining suspects to the Court. In January of this year, ICC prosecutor Karim Asad Ahmad Khan warned about promoting a climate of impunity in the current conflict in Sudan, due to the time elapsed in the process.

In Khan’s view, there is reason to believe that both the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) are carrying out war crimes.

The Rome Statute gives the ICC jurisdiction to act on four crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.

The Darfur region is one of the most affected by fighting between the SAF and RSF, keeping thousands of people in the north in conditions of famine or Phase Five of the United Nations Integrated Classification Index. This means that at least one in five individuals or families suffer from extreme food shortages and face starvation resulting in extremely critical levels of acute malnutrition and death.

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