The 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change will be a new opportunity to discuss resilience to the crisis, the financing of rich countries to the poor, and the search for consensus on actions to be taken on this existential issue, as Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi described it.

Since its first edition held in Berlin in 1995, the event has played a significant role in formulating and coordinating international policies to confront one of the most severe scourges the planet is currently facing.

During the first 23 years of the United Nations, its actions were limited to operational activities, mainly through the World Meteorological Organization.

Over the next two decades, the issue became increasingly relevant as the ravages of man-made damage to nature became clearer.

The Second World Climate Conference, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1990, and two years later, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, better known as the Second Earth Summit, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were significant events.

Considered the cornerstone of climate action until then, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 to reduce total emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by at least five percent from 1990 levels.

The pact was replaced two years ago by the Paris Agreement, inked in 2015, which seeks to limit global warming below 2.0 degrees Celsius, preferably 1.5 degrees, compared to pre-industrial levels.

Despite progress in the matter, in its new report on the issue,this month the United Nations criticized the fact “that the world is still not acting with sufficient urgency to curb greenhouse gas emissions”.

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